SECTION – A
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1.
|
The carbon
source of heterotropic bacteria is
|
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(a) Organic compound (b) Carbondioxide (c) Carbon mono oxide
(d) Bi carbonate
|
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2.
|
Chemoautotrophs derive their
energy from
|
||||||||
(a) Inorganic compound
|
(b) Organic compound
|
(c) Light (d) None of the above
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3.
|
Organisms make most efficient
use of
|
poor nutrient supply are called
|
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(a) Oligotrophs
|
(b) barophiles
|
(c)
auxotrophs
|
(d) Prototrophs
|
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4.
|
Organism which can grow either
autotrophically or heterotrophically are called
|
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(a) Facultative autotrophs
|
(b) Obligate autotrophs
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(c) Photo autotrophs
|
(d) Lithotrophs
|
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5.
|
Which one of the following is a
major nutrient to bacteria
|
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(a) Phosphorus
|
(b) Copper
|
(c) Zinc
|
(d) Manganese
|
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6.
|
_______ serve as a cofactor for
many enzymes, complexes with ATP and stabilizes
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ribosomes and cell membranes.
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(a) Magnesium
|
(b) Molybdenum
|
(c) cobalt
|
(d) Nickel
|
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7.
|
______is a
part of cytochromes and cofactor for enzymes and electron carrying proteins.
|
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(a) Fe2+ and Fe3+
|
(b) Ca2+
|
(c) Mo2+
|
(d) Co2+
|
||||||
8.
|
_____ aids many enzymes
catalyzing the transfer of phosphate groups
|
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(a) Manganese
|
(b) cobalt
|
(c) Nickel
|
(d) calcium
|
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9.
|
_____ is
required for nitrogen fixation
|
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(a) Molybdenum
|
(b) Zinc
|
(c) copper
|
(d) Aluminium
|
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10.
|
Pick out the photoautotrophic
bacteria
|
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(a) Chromatium
|
(b) Bacillus
|
(c) Rhizobium (d) Nitrobacter
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11.
|
Which one of the following is
vitamin –B
|
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(a)
Riboflavin
|
(b) Thiamine
|
(c) Niacine
|
(d) Molybdenum
|
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12.
|
Photoautotrophs
|
use carbon-di-oxide as the main
source of
|
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(a) Carbon
|
(b) Energy
|
(c) Oxygen
|
(d) Hydrogen
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13.
|
All chemolithotrophs are
autotrophs (True/False)
|
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_______use light as source of
energy and CO2 as the main
source of carbon.
|
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(a) Photoautotrophs
|
(b) Chemoautotrophs
|
|||||
(c) Chemohetertrophs
|
(d) photoheterotrophs
|
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15.
|
The organisms referred as rock
eaters are
|
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(a) Chemolithotrophs
|
(b) Photolithotrophs
|
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©Photoorganotrophs
|
(d) Chemoorganotrophs
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16.
|
Organisms extract electrons or
hydrogen from organic compounds
|
are called
|
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(a) Organotrophs
|
(b) Lithotrophs
|
(c) Chemotrophs
|
(d) None of the
|
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above
|
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17.
|
Bacteria relying on inorganic
energy source and organic carbon source are called
|
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(a) Mixotrophic
|
(b) Myxobacteria
|
(c) Microbiota
|
(d) Mycobiont
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18.
|
Organism requiring the same
nutrients as most naturally occurring members of its
|
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species are called
|
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(a) Prototroph
|
(b)
Phototroph
|
(c) Synchrotroph
|
(d)
Diauxotroph
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19.
|
______ is needed for the
synthesis of amino acids cysteine and methionine
|
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(a) Sulfur
|
(b) phosphorus
|
(c) Potassium (d) Thiamine
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20.
Organic compound essential for synthesis
of cell components or precursors of such components cannot be synthesized by
microorganism are called
(a) Growth factor
|
(b) Minerals
|
(c) Vitamins (d) Trace elements
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21.
|
It is used to maintain
organisms in continuous culture
|
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(a) Chemostat
|
(b) BOD incubator
|
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(c) Autoclave
|
(d) Spectrophotometer
|
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22.
|
The salt
loving organisms are called
|
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(a) Halophiles
|
(b) Thermophiles
|
(c) Psychrophiles
|
(d)
Acidophiles
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23.
|
Decline
phase of growth curve occurs due to
|
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(a) Depletion of nutrients
|
(b) Accumulation of toxins
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© Both a and b
|
(d) none of the above
|
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24.
|
Old or stationary culture inoculated in same
|
medium
|
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(a) Lag phase
|
(b) Log phase
|
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(c) Decline phase
|
(d) All the above
|
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25.
|
During this phase of growth
curve cells divide exponentially
|
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30.
The
time required for the doubling of cell number is known as _________. (generation time/doubling time)
31. Microbial
population can be maintained in a state of exponential growth over a long
period of time by
(a) Continuous
culture (c) Batch
culture
(b) Synchronous
culture (d) pure culture
32.
Shape
of bacterial growth curve is _________. (Sigmoid)
33.
All
the cells divide at the same time in
(a)
|
Synchronous culture
|
(b) Batch culture
|
(c) Continuous
culture
|
(d)
Fed-batch culture
|
|
34.
Stationary
phase is usually reached by bacteria at a population level of
(a)
109cells/ml(b) 106cells/ml (c)103 cells/ml (d) 1012cells/ml
35.
Bacterial death occurs if the internal
pH drops much below
(a)
5.0 to 5.5 (b) 2.0 to 2.5 (c)
7.0 to 7.5 (d) 10.0 to 10.5
36.
Microorganisms have distinct temperature
ranges for growth with minima, optima and maxima is called
(a)
Cardinal temperature (c) Eurythermal
(b) Stenothermal (d)
Stable temperature
37.
The bacterial mean generation time is
the reciprocal of the mean growth rate constant (True/False)
38.
The
rate of growth in a batch culture was expressed in terms of
(b)
Mean doubling time (d)
None of the above
39.
Extreme halophiles accumulate enormous
quantities of _____ to remain hypertonic to their environment
(a) Potassium
|
(b) Phosphorus
|
(c) Magnesium
|
(d) carbon
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40.
|
The organisms in which their
|
internal temperature varies
with that of the external
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environment are called
|
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(a) Poikilothermic
|
(b) Extremophiles
|
(c) Thermophiles
|
(d) Neutrophiles
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41.
|
Substrate level phosphorylation
occurs in
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(a) EMP pathway
|
(b) ED pathway
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(c) HMP
|
(d) Glyoxylate pathway
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42.
|
Glycolysis converts glucose to
|
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(a) Pyruvate
|
(b) Acetic acid
|
(c) Ethanol
|
(d) carbon
dioxide
|
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43.
|
The primary and universal
carrier of chemical energy in cell is
|
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(a) ATP
|
(b) DNA
|
(c) RNA
|
(d) NADP
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44.
|
Pyruvate is the product in
|
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(a) EMP Pathway
|
(b) ED pathway
|
(c) HMP pathway
|
(d) All the above
|
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45. The
complete oxidation of glucose under aerobic conditions yield_______ ATP
molecules
(a)
38
(b) 16 (c) 20 (d) 32
46.
Biosynthesis
of cellular components is necessary for ______ of organism
(a) Growth
|
(b) Maintenance
|
(c) Energy
|
(d) None of the above
|
|
47.
Organisms obtain energy during oxidation of the ______ process
|
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(a) Catabolic
|
(b) Anabolic (c) Oxidation- reduction
|
(d) None of the above
|
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48. The
process in which oxidation of Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate in the presence of
inorganic phosphate to produce1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid is known as
(a) Substrate level
phosphorylation
|
(c) Oxidative phosphorylation
|
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(b) photophosphorylation
|
(d) None of the above
|
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49.
|
Chemiosmotic hypothesis was
proposed by
|
||
(a) Mitchel (b) Helmstetter
|
(c) Moat
|
(d) Michael
|
|
50.
|
All the
chemical reactions occurs in the living system are collectively
|
||
53.
Catabolism
is a reaction in which --------
(a)
Complex
substance converted to simple
(b)
Simple
substance converted to Complex
(c)
Energy
is gained
(d) All the above
54.
Anabolism
is reaction in which --------
(a)
Simple
substance converted to Complex
(b)
Complex
substance converted to simple
(c)
Energy
is gained
(d) All the above
55.
In
catabolism, energy is trapped in form of -----------
(a) ATP
|
(b) ADP
|
(c) NADP
|
(d) NADPH
|
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56.
|
Polysaccharide
converted to monosacchride is example of -
|
||||||
(a)catabolism
|
(b)Anabolism (c) Metabolism
|
(d) all the
above
|
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57.
|
Anabolic and
catabolic pathways are
|
---------------
|
|||||
(a) Reversible
|
(b) Irreversible
|
(c) complex
|
(d) None of the above
|
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58.
|
------------- % of ATP is
synthesized in TCA cycle.
|
||||||
(a) 60 to 70%
|
(b) 70 to 80%
|
(c) 90 to 100%
|
(d) 50%
|
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59.
|
------------ ATP molecules
produced in TCA cycle.
|
||||||
(a) 20
|
(b) 31
|
(c) 18
|
(d) 40
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60. In
TCA cycle, condensation of acetyl co A & oxaloacetate catalyzed by enzyme
--------------
(a)
Citrate synthase (b) Malate
dehydrogenase
74. Zymomonasanaerobicaferment
one mole glucose to form nearly
(a)
|
2mole ethanol and CO2
|
(b) 4mole ethanol and CO2
|
(c) 8mole
ethanol and CO2
|
(d) 16mole
ethanol and CO2
|
|
75.
A
facultative anaerobic enterobacteriumErwiniaamylovora ferment glucose to
(a)
Ethanol
and CO2 (b) Acetate and Lactate (c) Butyrate (d)
Ethanol and lactate
76.
Erwiniaamylovora ferment glucose to ethanol and CO2via
(a)
EMP pathway (b) HMP pathway (c) PP pathway (d) Ed pathway
77. The bacterium ________stores sulfur
as sulfur granules to serve as energy source
(a) Desulfovibrio (b) Thiobacillus (c) Bacillus (d) Corynebacterium
78.
_____ is a molybdenum containing
membrane bound enzyme which reduces nitrate to nitrite
(a)
|
Nitrate reductase
|
(b) Nitrite
reductase
|
(c) Nitrous
oxide reductase
|
(d) All of the above
|
|
a)
If molecular nitrogen is the major
product of disssimilatory nitrate reduction, the process is called
(a) Denitrification
|
(b) Nitrate respiration (c)
Nitrite respiration
|
(d) All the above
|
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80.
|
In alcohol
fermentation the pyruvate from glycolysis is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde
|
|||||
by the enzyme
|
||||||
(a) Pyruvate decarboxylase
|
(b) pyruvate
acetaldehydrogenase
|
|||||
(c) PEP kinase
|
(d) All the above
|
|||||
81.
|
Two pigments used in bacterial
photosynthesis are
|
|||||
(a)
Bacterio-chlorophyll and Bacterio-rhodopsin
|
(c)
Chlorophyll and carotenoid
|
|||||
(b) Cytochrome and ferridoxin
|
(d) Sulphate and Nitrate
|
|||||
82.
|
The enzyme luciferase is
associated with
|
|||||
(a) Bioluminescence
|
(b) Bioremediation
|
|||||
(c) Biomagnification
|
(d) Biodeterioaration
|
|||||
83.
|
The anoxygenic photosynthesis
is found in
|
|||||
(a) Green sulfur bacteria
|
(b) Cyanobacteria
|
(c) Algae
|
(d) Plants
|
|||
84.
|
The carbon dioxide fixation
occurs through
|
|||||
(a) Calvin cycle
|
(b) TCA cycle
|
(c) HMP pathway
|
(d) EMP pathway
|
|||
Cyclic photophosphorylation
occurs in
|
|||
(a) Photosystem I
|
(b) Photosystem II
|
(c)
Plastoquinone(d) All the above
|
|
86.
|
Light in luminescent bacteria
is produced by the oxidation of
|
||
(a) FMNH2 (b) C2H5OH
|
(c) NO3
|
(d) SO4
|
|
87.
In the cell wall of Gram positive
bacteria one of the following compound is exclusively observed.
(a) Teichoic acid
|
(b) NAM
|
(c) NAG
|
(d) Glycoprotein
|
||||
88.
|
The photo pigment present in
photosynthetic Halobacteria is
|
||||||
(a) Bacteriochlorophyll
|
(b) Bacteriorhodopsin (c)
Chlorophyll (d) All the above
|
||||||
89.
|
Plastoquinones in microorganism
serve as
|
||||||
(a) Electron reservoirs
|
(b) Pigments
|
(c) Coenzymes
|
(d) Proton
reservoirs
|
||||
90.
|
Carbon dioxide fixation
requires reducing power and
|
||||||
(a) Energy
|
(b) Light
|
(c) Pigments (d) None of the above
|
|||||
91.
|
The oxygenic photosynthesis is
carried out by
|
||||||
(a) Chlorophyll a
|
(b) Bacteriochlorophyll a (c) Carotenoids
|
(d) Phycocyanins
|
|||||
92.
The bioluminescent mechanism of bacteria
is different from the one in fireflies [True/false]
93.
Halobacterium
carries the photosynthetic pigment known as
(a) Bacteriorhodopsin
|
(b)Bacteriochlorophyll
|
||||
(c) Both
|
(d) None of the above
|
||||
94.
|
Chlorophylls
and accessory pigments are assembled in highly organized arrays called
|
||||
(a) Antennas
|
(b) reaction center chlorophyll
|
||||
(c)
Photosynthetic Reaction chain
|
(d) Receiver
|
||||
95.
|
Photosystem I absorbs ____wave
length light and funnels the energy to special
|
||||
chlorophyll amolecule
called_____
|
|||||
(a) Longer, P700
|
(b) Shorter, P700
|
(c) Longer, P680
|
(d) Shorter, P680
|
||
96.
Photosystem II traps light at
_______wavelengths and transfers its energy to the special chlorophyll______.
(a)
Shorter, P680 (b) Longer, P680 (c)
Shorter, P700 (d) Longer, P700
97. All microbial autotrophs incorporate
CO2 by a special
metabolic pathway called
(a) Calvin cycle (b)
Calvin-Benson cycle
100.
Theoretically
one molecule of glucose is converted to
(a)
1 molecule of gluatamaic acid (c)
2 molecule of glutamic acid
(b)
8 molecule of glutamic acid (d)
4molecule of glutamic acid
SECTION –B
1.Diffferentiate between autotrophs and
heterotrophs
2.
Comment
on nutrition of copiotrophs
3.
Write
a brief account on nutrition and energy production in chemoautotrophs.
4.
Write
critical notes on oligotrophs.
5.
Write
a brief account on phototrophs and their metabolism.
6.
Explain
the nutritional mechanism of lithotrophs.
7.
Explain
the physiology of lag phase cells.
8.
Write
short notes on diauxic growth of bacteria.
9.
Explain
the influence of temperature on microbial growth.
10.
Comment on synchronous growth of
bacteria.
11.
Compare
acidophiles and alkalophiles
12.
Explain
the influence of pH on microbial growth.
13.
What
is substrate level phosphorylation?
14.
Write
a brief account on electron carriers.
15.
Briefly
explain the outline of Ed pathway.
16.
Explain
the ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation.
17.
Explain
the transketolase and transaldolase reaction in pentose phosphate pathway.
18.
Write
the significance of HMP pathway.
20.
Define
fermentation and explain alcoholic fermentation.
21.
Differentiate
between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in microorganisms.
22.
Write
short notes on mixed acid fermentation.
23.
Comment
on methanogenesis.
24.
Give
a short account on propionic acid fermentation.
25.
Diffferentiatie
between oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis.
26.
Explain
the biochemical reaction of bioluminescence in bacteria.
27.
Describe
biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall.
28.
Explain
the biosynthetic process of glutamic acid.
29.
Compare
the activities of photosystem I and photosystem II.
30.
Explain
the steps involved in cyclic photophosphorylation in photosynthetic bacteria.
SECTION – C
1.
Give
the nutritional classification of microorganisms with suitable examples.
2.
What are the major nutrients required by
microorganisms? Explain their role in microbial growth.
3.
What are the minor nutrients required by
microorganisms? Explain their role in microbial growth.
4.
Explain
the role of trace elements in microbial growth.
5.
What are chemoautotrophs? How are they
classified? Explain any four types.
6.
What are growth factors? How can
microorganisms be used to determine the quantity of a specific substance in a
sample?
7.
Discuss
the influence of pH and temperature on microbial growth.
8.
Discuss
the factors influence the microbial growth.
9.
Draw
a neat diagram of growth curve and explain the phases of growth curve.
10.
What
is chemostat? How it is used for continuous culture of microbial growth.
11.
What
are the generation time and the mean growth rate constant? How can they be
12.
Discuss
the influence of O2 and pressure on
microbial growth
13.
Discuss
EMP pathway with enzymes involved.
14.
Discuss
HMP pathway with enzymes involved.
15.
Describe
oxidative phosphorylation in bacteria.
16.
Explain
the transfer of electrons through electron transport chain and ATP synthesis.
17.
Describe
TCA cycle of aerobic bacteria.
18. By
what two mechanisms might ATP be synthesized during oxidative phosphorylation?
What is an uncoupler?
19.
Discuss
microbial reduction ofsulphur and organisms involved.
20.
Define
anaplerotic reaction and explain with suitable example.
21.
Discuss
the factors influencing denitrification and microorganisms involved in the
process
22.
Write
a detailed account on alcoholic fermentation by yeast.
23. Describe
the process of anaerobic respiration. Is as much ATP produced in anaerobic
respiration as in aerobic respiration?
24.
What
are fermentations and why they so useful to many microorganisms?
25.
Describe
the biosynthesis of gram positive cell wall with illustrations.
26.
Discuss
calvin cycle and its role in carbon dioxide fixation.
27. Describe
the characteristics and physiology of photosynthetic bacteria with suitable
example.
28.
Discuss
in detail the mechanism behind the bioluminescence in bacteria.
29.
Describe
photosynthesis as carried out by cyanobacteria.
30.
Describe
reductive pentose phosphate pathway.
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